![]() A recruitment-enrollment cascade was observed across screening, consent, and completion of study activities. A total of 580 participants enrolled into and are followed in the cohort. Active recruitment stopped in May 2019, and enrollment officially closed in August 2020. Results: Enrollment into the online cohort launched in January 2019. Participants not living with HIV (lab-confirmed) at baseline are offered enrollment into the cohort follow-up assessments occur every 6 months. Participants reporting negative or unknown HIV status are enrolled in a baseline study visit, complete a sociobehavioral survey, and provide oral fluid specimens to test for HIV. Adult transgender women are recruited via convenience sampling (eg, peer referrals, social media, and dating apps). The online cohort was launched to enroll and follow participants across 72 cities in the same region and with similar demographic characteristics as the site-based cohort. Methods: This substudy is part of a larger multisite prospective cohort (LITE) conducted among transgender women, which also includes a site-based, technology-enhanced cohort in 6 eastern and southern US cities. The overarching goal is to estimate incidence of HIV and other health outcomes among transgender women in eastern and southern United States. Further, this study aims to evaluate how an online cohort compares to a site-based, technology-enhanced cohort for epidemiologic research. Objective: This study aims to assess the feasibility of developing and implementing an online cohort of transgender women to assess risks for HIV acquisition and other health experiences. Simultaneously, there is a need to understand potential biases associated with digital research, how these methods perform, and whether they are accepted across populations. Digital clinical trials and other online research methods are increasingly common, providing opportunity to reach those not commonly engaged in research. Cohort studies identify unique risks for affected populations, but use of facility-based methods may bias findings towards individuals living in research catchment areas, more engaged in health services, or, in the case of transgender populations, those who are open about their transgender identity. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthĮmail: The HIV epidemic disproportionately impacts transgender women in the United States. Online Journal of Public Health InformaticsġDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesĢCallen-Lorde Community Health Center, New York, NY, United StatesģCenter for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United StatesĤDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United StatesĥResearch and Evaluation, Whitman-Walker Institute, Washington DC, DC, United StatesĦEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United StatesħSchool of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United StatesĨBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United StatesĩThe Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, United Statesġ0Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United Statesġ1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United Statesġ2Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United Statesġ3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.Asian/Pacific Island Nursing Journal 13 articles.JMIR Bioinformatics and Biotechnology 38 articles.JMIR Biomedical Engineering 70 articles.Journal of Participatory Medicine 80 articles. ![]() JMIR Perioperative Medicine 93 articles.JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 216 articles.JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting 297 articles.Interactive Journal of Medical Research 331 articles.JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 1218 articles.Journal of Medical Internet Research 7809 articles. ![]()
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